The Runtime Theory
medium · 5h · 15 steps

Networked Services: From Browser to Backend

Follow a web request through DNS, transport, TLS, HTTP, backend reliability, query execution, and distributed dependencies.

Curriculum (15 steps)

1

Follow an HTTPS API request from a browser through name resolution, transport, TLS, HTTP, server code, and back.

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2

Follow an HTTPS request from browser to service and watch its response return through the same system.

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3

Walk one fresh HTTP/2 request over TCP from URL parsing through DNS, TLS, server handling, and the response.

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4

Model one-way network links as a weighted directed graph and find when every reachable node receives a signal.

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5

A practice prompt about the browser, network protocols, edge services, and application work behind a page load.

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6

Design timeouts, retries, idempotency keys, and server-side state so a lost response does not silently duplicate an operation.

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7

See how authentication, key lookup, atomic work, stored outcomes, and retry replay prevent duplicate create operations.

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8

Follow a POST request from key validation through durable result storage so a lost response does not create a second resource.

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9

Track the last accepted timestamp for each message and reason about state growth, ordering, and concurrent requests.

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10

Trace SQL through parsing, logical rewrites, cost-based planning, physical operators, indexes, and the buffer pool.

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11

Follow SQL through parsing and planning into scans, joins, buffers, visibility checks, and result rows.

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12

Follow a selective SQL lookup through planning, a B-tree index, heap visibility checks, and the result rows.

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13

Use EXPLAIN to predict scans and joins, then compare row estimates with execution observations on a safe SELECT query.

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14

Understand why timeouts, retries, ordering, and consistency matter when remote machines can fail independently.

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15

Follow a client command from the leader's log through replication, quorum commitment, state-machine application, and reply.

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