Decide whether any value occurs more than once, and compare a set-based solution with sorting the input.
A good solution should
- State the invariant or decision rule that makes the approach correct.
- Explain the time and space complexity in terms of the input sizes and required output.
- Handle empty, minimal, duplicate, and boundary-shaped inputs covered by the contract.
Reasoning prompt
Explain whether your implementation mutates the input and why the expected-time guarantee of a hash set is not a worst-case guarantee.
Use the linked judge for the canonical problem. The examples above are compact TRT checks; write additional cases before submitting, especially for the boundary that tends to break your chosen invariant.