The Runtime Theory
mediumLeetCode#matrix#boundaries

Spiral Matrix

Return matrix elements in clockwise spiral order.

The Runtime Theory Team25 min read
Solve it

Solving happens on the judge — come back and mark it done

Sample cases

inmatrix=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]

out[1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5]

inmatrix=[[1,2,3,4]]

out[1,2,3,4]

inmatrix=[[1],[2],[3]]

out[1,2,3]

Return matrix elements in clockwise spiral order.

A good solution should

  • State the invariant or decision rule that makes the approach correct.
  • Explain time and space costs in terms of input size and required output.
  • Handle empty, minimal, duplicate, and boundary-shaped inputs.

Reasoning prompt

Shrink top, bottom, left, and right boundaries after each pass. Guard against visiting a center row or column twice.

Use the linked judge for the canonical challenge. The examples above are compact TRT checks; create additional tests around the boundary most likely to break your invariant.

More practice in this topic

One dispatch a week

The trace behind each problem, the tradeoff that explains it, and one technical dispatch per week — no noise.

One technical dispatch per week. No noise.

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